Hallux Valgus: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments

What is hallux valgus?

Hallux valgus, commonly known as a "bunion," is a progressive deformity of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. The big toe deviates toward the other toes, creating a bony prominence on the inner side of the foot. This condition affects approximately 23% of the adult population and is more common in women.

At our Laval clinic, we offer comprehensive management of hallux valgus, from diagnosis to conservative and surgical treatments, tailored to the stage of the deformity.

Causes of hallux valgus

Hallux valgus results from a combination of factors:

• Heredity: genetic predisposition is the primary risk factor. If a family member suffers from it, you are more likely to develop this condition
• Foot biomechanics: flat feet, hyperpronation, and joint hypermobility promote deviation of the big toe
• Inadequate footwear: prolonged wear of narrow or high-heeled shoes accelerates the progression of the deformity
• Medical conditions: rheumatoid arthritis and certain neuromuscular diseases can contribute to the development of hallux valgus

Symptoms of hallux valgus

The progression of hallux valgus manifests through:

• Visible bump: bony prominence on the inner side of the foot that becomes increasingly pronounced
• Joint pain: pain when walking, worsened by wearing tight shoes
• Inflammation: redness, swelling, and a sensation of warmth around the joint
• Progressive deformity: the big toe overlaps with the second toe in advanced cases
• Calluses: formation of corns and calluses due to friction and abnormal pressure

Stages of hallux valgus

1. Mild stage: deviation less than 20 degrees, minimal pain
2. Moderate stage: deviation of 20 to 40 degrees, regular pain when walking
3. Severe stage: deviation greater than 40 degrees, constant pain and overlapping toes

Treatments offered at our clinic

Conservative treatments

• Custom foot orthotics: they correct foot biomechanics, reduce pressure on the joint, and slow the progression of the deformity
• Splints and toe spacers: worn at night, they maintain the big toe in better alignment and relieve pressure
• Footwear advice: our team guides you toward shoes suited to your foot shape to minimize irritation

Surgical treatment

When conservative treatments are no longer sufficient, corrective surgery may be considered. Our podiatrists evaluate each case individually to determine the most appropriate surgical technique based on the stage of the deformity and your lifestyle.

When should you see a podiatrist?

See a podiatrist if you notice a growing bump on the side of your foot, if pain limits your daily activities, or if you have difficulty finding comfortable shoes. Early management offers better treatment options and can significantly slow the progression.

Prevention

• Choose shoes with a wide toe box that provides enough room for the toes
• Avoid wearing high heels daily
• Wear foot orthotics if you have a family predisposition
• Do toe strengthening and mobility exercises
• See a podiatrist at the first signs of deviation